 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ???????? ??? ????, Sindhi: ???????? ??? ????, IPA:
[z?lf?q??? ?li b????o?]) (January 5, 1928–April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani
politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as
Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. He was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples
Party (PPP), the largest and most influential political parties of Pakistan. His
daughter Benazir Bhutto also served twice as prime minister; she was
assassinated on December 27, 2007.
Educated at the University of California at Berkeley in the United States and
University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, Bhutto was noted for his mercurial
brilliance and wit. He was executed in 1979 following a highly controversial
trial for authorizing the murder of a political opponent.[2][3]The move was done
under the directives of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.[4][5] His supporters add
the honorific title Shaheed, the Arabic word for "martyr", before his name,
thus: Shaheed-e-Azam Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ("The Great Martyr").
4th President of Pakistan
In office
20 December 1971 – 13 August 1973
Prime Minister Nurul Amin
Preceded by Yahya Khan
Succeeded by Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
10th Prime Minister of Pakistan
In office
14 August 1973 – 5 July 1977
President Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
Preceded by Nurul Amin
Succeeded by Muhammad Khan Junejo
5th Foreign Minister of Pakistan
In office
15 June 1963 – 12 September 1966
Preceded by Muhammad Ali Bogra
Succeeded by Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada
Born 5 January 1928(1928-01-05)
Larkana, British India
Died 4 April 1979 (aged 51)
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Political party Pakistan Peoples Party
Religion Shia Islam[1]
Early life
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was born to Khursheed Begum née Lakhi Bai and Sir Shah Nawaz
Bhutto of a prominent Shia Muslim family. According to the famous spiritual
Sindhi leader Pir of Pagara Sharif and some other relevant and authentic sources
Bhuttos are Arain, predominantly Punjabi agriculturist Muslim caste, though
there are counter claims as well. Zulfikar was born in his parent's residence
near Larkana in what later became the province of Sindh. He was their third
child—their first one, Sikandar, died from pneumonia at age seven in 1914 and
the second child, Imdad Ali, died of cirrhosis at the age of 39 in 1953.[6] His
father was a wealthy landlord, a zamindar, and a prominent politician in Sindh,
who enjoyed an influential relationship with the officials of the British Raj.
As a young boy, Bhutto moved to Worli Seaface in Mumbai (then Bombay) to study
at the Cathedral and John Connon School. During this period, he also became a
student activist in the League's Pakistan Movement. Upon completing high school,
Bhutto attended Premier College Nazamabad. In 1943, his marriage was arranged
with Shireen Amir Begum (died January 19, 2003 in Karachi). He later left her,
however, in order to remarry. In 1947, Bhutto was admitted to the University of
Southern California.
During this time, Bhutto's father, Sir Shahnawaz, played a controversial role in
the affairs of the state of Junagadh (now in Gujarat). Coming to power in a
palace coup as the dewan, he secured the accession of the state to Pakistan,
which was ultimately negated by Indian intervention in December, 1947.[7] In
1949, Bhutto transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he
earned an honours degree in political science. Here he would become interested
in the theories of socialism, delivering a series of lectures on the feasibility
of socialism in Islamic countries. In June, 1950 Bhutto travelled to England to
study law at Christ Church, Oxford. Upon finishing his studies, he was called to
the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1953.
Bhutto married his second wife, the Iranian-Kurdish Begum Nusrat Ispahani, of
similarly Shi'a Muslim faith, in Karachi on September 8, 1951. Their first
child, his daughter Benazir, was born in 1953. She was followed by Murtaza in
1954, a second daughter, Sanam, in 1957, and the youngest child, Shahnawaz
Bhutto, in 1958. He accepted the post of lecturer at the Sindh Muslim College
before establishing himself in a legal practise in Karachi. He also took over
the management of his family's estate and business interests after his father's
death.
Political career
In 1957, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the youngest member of Pakistan's delegation
to the United Nations. He would address the United Nations Sixth Committee on
Aggression on October 25, 1957 and lead Pakistan's deputation to the United
Nations Conference on the Law of the Seas in 1958. In the same year, Bhutto
became the youngest Pakistani cabinet minister when he was given charge of the
energy ministry by President Muhammad Ayub Khan, who had seized power and
declared martial law. He was subsequently promoted to head the ministries of
commerce, information and industries. Bhutto became a close and trusted advisor
to Ayub, rising in influence and power despite his youth and relative
inexperience in politics. Bhutto aided Ayub in negotiating the Indus Water
Treaty with India in 1960. In 1961, Bhutto negotiated an oil exploration
agreement with the Soviet Union, which also agreed to provide economic and
technical aid to Pakistan.
Foreign Minister
In 1962, he was appointed Pakistan's foreign minister. His swift rise to power
also brought him national prominence and popularity.
As foreign minister, Bhutto significantly transformed Pakistan's hitherto
pro-Western foreign policy. While maintaining a prominent role for Pakistan
within the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization and the Central Treaty
Organization, Bhutto began asserting a foreign policy course for Pakistan that
was independent of U.S. influence. Bhutto criticised the U.S. for providing
military aid to India during and after the Sino-Indian War of 1962, which was
seen as an abrogation of Pakistan's alliance with the U.S. Bhutto worked to
establish stronger relations with the People's Republic of China.[8] Bhutto
visited Beijing and helped Ayub negotiate trade and military agreements with the
Chinese regime, which agreed to help Pakistan in a large number of military and
industrial projects. Bhutto also signed the Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement on
March 2, 1963 that transferred 750 square kilometres of territory from
Pakistan-administered Kashmir to Chinese control. Bhutto asserted his belief in
non-alignment, making Pakistan an influential member in non-aligned
organisations. Believing in pan-Islamic unity, Bhutto developed closer relations
with nations such as Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and other Arab states.
Bhutto advocated hardline and confrontational policies against India over the
Kashmir conflict and other issues. A brief skirmish took place in August 1965
between Indian and Pakistani forces near the international boundary in the Rann
of Kutch which was resolved by the U.N. Pakistan hoped to support an uprising by
Kashmiris against India.
Bhutto joined Ayub in Tashkent to negotiate a peace treaty with the Indian Prime
Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri. Ayub and Shastri agreed to exchange prisoners of
war and withdraw respective forces to pre-war boundaries. This agreement was
deeply unpopular in Pakistan, causing major political unrest against Ayub's
regime. Bhutto's criticism of the final agreement caused a major rift between
him and Ayub Khan. Initially denying the rumours, Bhutto resigned in June, 1967
and expressed strong opposition to Ayub's regime.
Pakistans Peoples Party
Bhutto at a PPP rally.
Following his resignation, large crowds gathered to listen to Bhutto's speech
upon his arrival in Lahore on June 21, 1967. Tapping a wave of anger and
opposition against Ayub, Bhutto began travelling across the country to deliver
political speeches. In a speech in October, 1966 Bhutto proclaimed "Islam is our
faith, democracy is our policy, socialism is our economy. All power to the
people."[9] On November 30, 1967 Bhutto founded the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)
in Lahore, establishing a strong base of political support in Punjab, Sindh and
amongst the Muhajir communities. Bhutto's party became a part of the
pro-democracy movement involving diverse political parties from all across
Pakistan. PPP activists staged large protests and strikes in different parts of
the country, increasing pressure on Ayub to resign. Bhutto's arrest on November
12, 1968 sparked greater political unrest. After his release, Bhutto attended
the Round Table Conference called by Ayub in Rawalpindi, but refused to accept
Ayub's continuation in office and the East Pakistani politician Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman's Six point movement for regional autonomy.
Following Ayub's resignation, the new president Gen. Yahya Khan promised to hold
parliamentary elections on December 7, 1970. Bhutto's party won a large number
of seats from constituencies in West Pakistan.[9] However, Sheikh Mujib's Awami
League won an outright majority from the constituencies located in East
Pakistan. Bhutto refused to accept an Awami League government and famously
promised to "break the legs" of any elected PPP member who dared to attend the
inaugural session of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Capitalising on West
Pakistani fears of East Pakistani separatism, Bhutto demanded that Sheikh Mujib
form a coalition with the PPP.[9] Under substantial pressure from Bhutto and
other West Pakistani political parties, Yahya postponed the inaugural session of
the National Assembly after talks with Sheikh Mujib failed.[9] Amidst popular
outrage in East Pakistan, Major Ziaur Rahman, at the direction of Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman declared the independence of "Bangladesh" on March 26, 1971 after Mujibur
was arrested by the Pakistani Army, which had been ordered by Yahya to suppress
political activities. Under Operation Searchlight, Pakistani forces tortured and
killed political activists as well as a large number of civilians, religious
minorities and Bengali intellectuals. Controversially, some have characterized
the repression as attempted genocide.[10] While supportive of the army's
campaign and working to rally international support, Bhutto distanced himself
from the Yahya regime. He refused to accept Yahya's scheme to appoint Bengali
politician Nurul Amin as prime minister, with Bhutto as deputy prime minister.
Indian intervention in East Pakistan led to the defeat of Pakistani forces, who
surrendered on December 16, 1971. Bhutto and others condemned Yahya for failing
to protect Pakistan's unity. Isolated, Yahya resigned on December 20 and
transferred power to Bhutto, who became the president, army commander-in-chief
as well as the first civilian chief martial law administrator.
President of Pakistan
As president, Bhutto addressed the nation via radio and television, saying "My
dear countrymen, my dear friends, my dear students, labourers, peasants… those
who fought for Pakistan… We are facing the worst crisis in our country's life, a
deadly crisis. We have to pick up the pieces, very small pieces, but we will
make a new Pakistan, a prosperous and progressive Pakistan." He placed Yahya
under house arrest, brokered a ceasefire and ordered the release of Sheikh
Mujib, who was held prisoner by the army. To implement this, Bhutto reversed the
verdict of Mujib's court trial that had taken place earlier, in which the
presiding Brigadier Rahimuddin Khan (later General) had sentenced Mujib to
death. Appointing a new cabinet, Bhutto appointed Gen. Gul Hasan as Chief of
Army Staff. On January 2, 1972 Bhutto announced the nationalisation of all major
industries, including iron and steel, heavy engineering, heavy electricals,
petrochemicals, cement and public utilities.[11] A new labour policy was
announced increasing workers rights and the power of trade unions. Although he
came from a feudal background himself, Bhutto announced reforms limiting land
ownership and a government take-over of over a million acres (4,000 km²) to
distribute to landless peasants. More than 2,000 civil servants were dismissed
on charges of corruption.[11] Bhutto also dismissed the military chiefs on March
3 after they refused orders to suppress a major police strike in Punjab. He
appointed Gen. Tikka Khan as the new Chief of the Army Staff in March 1972 as he
felt the General would not interfere in political matters and would concentrate
on rehabilitating the Pakistan Army. Bhutto convened the National Assembly on
April 14, rescinded martial law on April 21 and charged the legislators with
writing a new constitution.
Bhutto visited India to meet Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and negotiated a
formal peace agreement and the release of 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. The
two leaders signed the Shimla Agreement, which committed both nations to
establish a Line of Control in Kashmir and obligated them to resolve disputes
peacefully through bilateral talks.[12][11] Bhutto also promised to hold a
future summit for the peaceful resolution of the Kashmir dispute and pledged to
recognise Bangladesh.[13] Although he secured the release of Pakistani soldiers
held by India, Bhutto was criticised by many in Pakistan for allegedly making
too many concessions to India. It is theorised that Bhutto feared his downfall
if he could not secure the release of Pakistani soldiers, the return of
territory occupied by Indian forces.[14] Bhutto established an atomic power
development programme and inaugurated the first Pakistani atomic reactor, built
in collaboration with Canada in Karachi on November 28. In January 1973, Bhutto
ordered the army to suppress a rising insurgency in the province of Balochistan
and dismissed the governments in Balochistan and the Northwest Frontier
Province.[11] On March 30, 59 military officers were arrested by army troops for
allegedly plotting a coup against Bhutto, who appointed then-Brigadier Muhammad
Zia-ul-Haq to head a military tribunal to investigate and try the suspects. The
National Assembly approved the new constitution, which Bhutto signed into effect
on April 12. The constitution proclaimed an "Islamic Republic" in Pakistan with
a parliamentary form of government.[15] On August 10, Bhutto turned over the
post of president to Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, assuming the office of prime minister
instead.[11]
Bhutto officially recognised Bangladesh in July. Making an official visit to
Bangladesh, Bhutto was criticised in Pakistan for laying flowers at a memorial
for Bangladeshi "freedom fighters." Bhutto continued to develop closer relations
with China as well as Saudi Arabia and other Muslim nations. Bhutto hosted the
Second Islamic Summit of Muslim nations in Lahore between February 22 and
February 24 in 1974.
However, Bhutto faced considerable pressure from Islamic religious leaders to
declare the Ahmadiya communities as non-Muslims. Failing to restrain sectarian
violence and rioting, Bhutto and the National Assembly amended the constitution
to that effect. Bhutto intensified his nationalisation programme, extending
government control over agricultural processing and consumer industries. Bhutto
also, with advice from Admiral S.M. Ahsan, inaugurated Port Qasim, designed to
expand harbour facilities near Karachi. However, the performance of the
Pakistani economy declined amidst increasing bureaucracy and a decline in
private sector confidence. In a surprise move in 1976, Bhutto appointed Muhammad
Zia-ul-Haq to replace Gen. Tikka Khan, surpassing five generals senior to
Zia.[16]. Some say that Zia did not deserve this pinnacle but Bhutto appointed
him so as the two of them were Arain. He erred in judging a man not on his merit
by dint of effort but merit by birth. As we see later he suffered for the undue
support he showed to his Biratheri (Clan).
Nuclear program
Bhutto was the founder of Pakistan's nuclear program. Its militarization was
initiated in January 1972 and, in its initial years, was implemented by General
Tikka Khan. The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant was inaugurated by Bhutto during his
role as President of Pakistan at the end of 1972. Long before, as Minister for
Fuel, Power and National Resources, he has played a key role in setting up of
the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. The Kahuta facility was also established
by the Bhutto Administration.
In his book If I am Assassinated, written from his prison cell, Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto revealed how Henry Kissinger had said to him in 1976: "we can destabilise
your government and make a horrible example out of you".[17] Kissinger had
warned Zulfikar Ali Bhutto that if Pakistan continued with its nuclear program
the Prime Minister would have to pay a heavy price, a statement many take to
indicate an American hand in Mr. Bhutto's trial and execution.[citation needed]
Popular unrest and military coup
Bhutto began facing considerable criticism and increasing unpopularity as his
term progressed.[18] Initially targeting leader of the opposition Abdul Wali
Khan and his opposition National Awami Party (NAP). Despite the ideological
similarity of the two parties the clash of egos both inside and outside the
National Assembly became increasingly fierce and started with the Federal
governments decision to oust the NAP provincial government in Balochistan for
alleged secessionist activities[19] and culminating in the banning of the party
and arrest of much of its leadership after the death of Hayat Khan Sherpao, a
close lieutenant of Bhutto, in a bomb blast in the frontier town of Peshawar.
Dissidence also increased within the PPP and the murder of dissident leader
Ahmed Raza Kasuri's father led to public outrage and intra-party hostility as
Bhutto was accused of masterminding the crime. Powerful PPP leaders such as
Ghulam Mustafa Khar openly condemned Bhutto and called for protests against his
regime. The political crisis in the NWFP and Balochistan intensified as civil
liberties remained suspended and an estimated 100,000 troops deployed there were
accused of human rights abuses and killing large numbers of civilians.[11]
On January 8, 1977 many opposition political parties grouped to form the
Pakistan National Alliance (PNA).[11] Bhutto called fresh elections and the PNA
participated in those elections with full force and managed to contest the
elections jointly even though they had grave differences in their opinions and
views. The PNA faced defeat but did not accept the results, accusing their
opponents of rigging the election. They first claimed rigging on 14 seats and
finally on 40 seats in the national assembly and boycotted provisional elections
turn out in national elections was of highest degree. Provincial elections were
held amidst low voter turnout and an opposition boycott, violent PNA declare the
newly-elected Bhutto government as illegitimate. Muslim leaders such as Maulana
Maududi called for the overthrow of Bhutto's regime.[18] Intensifying political
and civil disorder prompted Bhutto to hold talks with PNA leaders, which
culminated in an agreement for the dissolution of the assemblies and fresh
elections under a form of government of national unity.[20] However on July 5,
1977 Bhutto and members of his cabinet were arrested by troops under the order
of General Zia.[11]
General Zia announced that martial law had been imposed, the constitution
suspended and all assemblies dissolved. Zia also ordered the arrest of senior
PPP and PNA leaders but promised elections in October. Bhutto was released on
July 29 and was received by a large crowd of supporters in his hometown of
Larkana. He immediately began touring across Pakistan, delivering speeches to
large crowds and planning his political comeback. Bhutto was arrested again on
September 3 before being released on bail on September 13. Fearing yet another
arrest, Bhutto named his wife, Nusrat, president of the Pakistan People's Party.
Bhutto was imprisoned on September 17 and a large number of PPP leaders and
activists arrested and disqualified from contesting in elections.
Trial of the Prime Minister
Nusrat Bhutto became the PPP's leader after her husband's arrest and execution.
Nusrat Bhutto became the PPP's leader after her husband's arrest and execution.
Bhutto's trial began on October 24 on charges of "conspiracy to murder" Ahmed
Raza Kasuri.[21] On July 5,1977 the military, led by General Muhammad
Zia-ul-Haq, staged a coup. Zia relieved prime minister Bhutto of power, holding
him in detention for a month. Zia pledged that new elections would be held in 90
days. He kept postponing the elections and publicly retorted during successive
press conferences that if the elections were held in the presence of Bhutto his
party would not return to power again. [2]
Upon his release, Bhutto traveled the country amid adulatory crowds of PPP
supporters. He used to take the train traveling from the south to the north and
on the way, would address public meetings at different stations. Several of
these trains were late, some by days, in reaching their respective destinations
and as a result Bhutto was banned from traveling by train. The last visit he
made to the city of Multan in the province of Punjab was marked the turning
point in Bhutto's political career and ultimately, his life. In spite of the
administration's efforts to block the gathering, the crowd was so large that it
became disorderly, providing an opportunity for the administration to declare
that Bhutto had been taken into custody because the people were against him and
it had become necessary to protect him from the masses for his own safety.
Re-arrest and fabrication of evidence
On September 3 the Army arrested Bhutto again on charges of authorizing the
murder of a political opponent in March 1974. A 35-year-old politician Ahmed
Raza Kasuri tried to run as a PPP candidate in elections, despite having
previously left the party. The Pakistan Peoples Party rebuffed him. Three years
earlier, Kasuri and his family had been ambushed, leaving Kasuri's father, Nawab
Mohammad Ahmad Khan, dead. Kasuri claimed that he was the actual target,
accusing Bhutto of being the mastermind. Kasuri later claimed that he had been
the victim of 15 assassination attempts.
Bhutto was released 10 days after his arrest after a judge, Justice KMA Samadani
found the evidence "contradictory and incomplete." Justice Samadani had to pay
for this; he was immediately removed from the court and placed at the disposal
of law ministry. Three days later Zia arrested Bhutto again on the same charges,
this time under "martial law." When the PPP organized demonstrations among
Bhutto's supporters, Zia canceled the upcoming elections.
Bhutto was arraigned before the High Court of Lahore instead of in a lower
court, thus automatically depriving him of one level of appeal. The judge who
had granted him bail was removed. Five new judges were appointed, headed by
Chief Justice of Lahore High Court Maulvi Mushtaq Ali, who denied bail. The
trial would last five months, and Bhutto appeared in court on a dock specially
built for the trial.
Proceedings began on October 24,1977. Masood Mahmood, the director general of
the Federal Security Force (since renamed the Federal Investigation Agency),
testified against Bhutto. Mahmood had been arrested immediately after Zia's coup
and had been imprisoned for two months prior to taking the stand. In his
testimony, he claimed Bhutto had ordered Kasuri's assassination and that four
members of the Federal Security Force had organized the ambush on Bhutto's
orders.
The 4 alleged assassins were arrested and later confessed. They were brought
into court as "co-accused" but one of them recanted his testimony, declaring
that it had been extracted from him under torture. The following day, the
witness was not present in court; the prosecution claimed that he had suddenly
"fallen ill."
Bhutto's defense challenged the prosecution with proof from an army logbook the
prosecution had submitted. It showed that the jeep allegedly driven during the
attack on Kasuri was not even in Lahore at the time. The prosecution had the
logbook disregarded as "incorrect." During the defense's cross-examination of
witnesses, the bench often interrupted questioning. The 706-page official
transcript contained none of the objections or inconsistencies in the evidence
pointed out by the defense. Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark, who
attended the trial, wrote:
"The prosecution's case was based entirely on several witnesses who were
detained until they confessed, who changed and expanded their confessions and
testimony with each reiteration, who contradicted themselves and each other,
who, except for Masood Mahmood... were relating what others said, whose
testimony led to four different theories of what happened, absolutely
uncorroborated by an eyewitness, direct evidence, or physical evidence."
When Bhutto began his testimony on January 25, 1978, Chief Justice Maulvi Mustaq
closed the courtroom to all observers. Bhutto responded by refusing to say any
more. Bhutto demanded a retrial, accusing the Chief Justice of bias, after
Mustaq allegedly insulted Bhutto's home province. The court refused his demand.
Death sentence and appeal
On March 18, 1978, Bhutto was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death.
Bhutto did not seek an appeal. While he was transferred to a cell in Rawalpindi
central jail, his family appealed on his behalf, and a hearing before the
Supreme Court commenced in May. Bhutto was given one week to prepare. Bhutto
issued a thorough rejoinder to the charges, although Zia blocked its
publication. Chief Justice S. Anwarul Haq adjourned the court until the end of
July 1978, supposedly because five of the nine appeals court judges were willing
to overrule the Lahore verdict. One of the pro-Bhutto judges was due to retire
in July.
Chief Justice S. Anwarul Haq presided over the trial, despite being close to
Zia, even serving as Acting President when Zia was out of the country. Bhutto's
lawyers managed to secure Bhutto the right to conduct his own defense before the
Supreme Court. On December 18, 1978, Bhutto made his appearance in public before
a packed courtroom in Rawalpindi. By this time he had been on death row for 9
months and had gone without fresh water for the previous 25 days. He addressed
the court for four days, speaking without notes.
The appeal was completed on December 23,1978. On February 6, 1979, the Supreme
Court issued its verdict, "Guilty", a decision reached by a bare 4-to-3
majority. The Bhutto family had seven days in which to appeal. The court granted
a stay of execution while it studied the petition. By February 24, 1979 when the
next court hearing began, appeals for clemency arrived from many heads of state.
Zia said that the appeals amounted to "trade union activity" among politicians.
On March 24, 1979 the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal. Zia upheld the death
sentence. Bhutto was hanged at Adiyala Jail,Rawalpindi.On 4 april 1979 at 2.04am
PST. [3]
Criticism and legacy
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto remains a controversial figure in Pakistan. While he was
hailed for being a nationalist, Bhutto was roundly criticised for opportunism
and intimidating his political opponents. He gave Pakistan its first
constitution, oversaw Pakistan's nuclear programme, held peace talks with
neighbour India and was more of an Internationalist with a secular image.[11]
His socialist policies are blamed for slowing down Pakistan's economic progress
owing to poor productivity and high costs. Bhutto is also criticised for human
rights abuses perpetrated by the army in Balochistan.[11] Many in Pakistan's
military, notably the current president Gen. Pervez Musharaf and former martial
law administrator of Balochistan General Rahimuddin Khan condemn Bhutto for
having caused the crisis that led to the Bangladesh Liberation War. In spite of
all the criticism—and subsequent media trials—Bhutto still remains the most
popular leader of the country.[22][11] Bhutto's action against the insurgency in
Balochistan is blamed for causing widespread civil dissent and calls for
secession.[23] Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology
is named for him; his daughter was chairman of its board of trustees.[24] His
family remained active in politics, with first his wife and then his daughter
becoming leader of the PPP political party. His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, was
twice prime minister of Pakistan, and was assassinated on December 27, 2007,
while campaigning for upcoming elections.
Works
* Peace-Keeping by the United Nations, Pakistan Publishing House, Karachi, 1967
* Political Situation in Pakistan, Veshasher Prakashan, New Delhi, 1968
* The Myth of Independence, Oxford University Press, Karachi and Lahore, 1969
* The Great Tragedy, Pakistan People's Party, Karachi, 1971
* Politics of the People (speeches, statements and articles), 1948-1971
* The Third World: New Directions, Quartet Books, London, 1977
* My Pakistan, Biswin Sadi Publications, New Delhi, 1979
* If I am Assassinated, Vikas, New Delhi, 1979
* My Execution, Musawaat Weekly International, London, 1980
* New Directions, Narmara Publishers, London, 1980
* Marching towards democracy
Books on Z A Bhutto
* Leopard and the fox, Tariq Ali
* Pakistan Under Bhutto, S. J. Burki (1980)
* Zulfiquar Bhutto of Pakistan, Stanley Wolpert (1993)
* Interview with History, Oriana Fallaci (1988)
* Zulfi my friend, Piloo Mody
* The mirage of power, Dr Mubashir Hasan
* Bhutto, trial and execution, Victoria Schofield |
